Near-Field Physical-Layer Authentication Under Impersonation Attacks

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Researchers have demonstrated that near-field communication enables superior physical-layer authentication because signal steering vectors depend on both angle and distance, unlike far-field models that rely solely on angle. This spatial dependency allows systems to detect impersonation attacks even when an adversary shares the same angle of arrival as a legitimate transmitter, provided their distances differ. These findings provide a framework for enhancing security in 6G an